";s:4:"text";s:5677:" This can result in significant emission reductions (Petersen and Solberg, 2002). Figure 7 outlines several non-wood forest products.Figure 7: Estimated value of Non-wood forest product removals in millions of dollars by category and region in 2005. n.s.= not significant. Few major forest-based mitigation analyses have been conducted using new primary data. The cost of forest mitigation projects rises significantly when opportunity costs of land are taken into account (VanKooten et al., 2004). In their global forest resources assessment the FAO concludes that the uncontrolled conversion of forests to agricultural land continues at an "alarmingly high rate" in many of the world's countries and that "considerable efforts" are required to ensure that the overall trend in extent of forest resources becomes positive or stable in all regions (FAO, 2010). Forest sector management options for mitiagtion should consider the trade-offs between increasing forest ecosystem carbon stocks and other forest functions and increasing the sustainable rate of harvest and transfer of carbon to meet human needs (IPCC, 2007). Any reduction in the rate of deforestation and forest degradation has the benefit of avoiding a significant source of carbon emissions and reducing other environmental and social problems associated with deforestation.Unlike afforestation and reforestation activities, which generally cause small annual changes in carbon stocks over long periods of time, stemming deforestation causes large changes in carbon stocks over a short period of time. Subscribe to our monthly newsletter.The CTCN is the operational arm of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) Technology Mechanism and is hosted by the UN Environment in collaboration with the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and 11 independent, regional organizations with expertise in climate technologies.CTCN, UN City, Marmorvej 51, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.Connecting countries to climate technology solutionsAfforestation and reforestation are defined as: "the direct human-induced conversion of non-forest to forest land through planting, seeding, and/or the human-induced promotion of natural seed sources" (IPCC, 2007). Soares- FIlho et al., (2006) outline that deforestation and degradation can be delayed through the protection of forests. For instance, Figure 6 outlines several other benefits of forests. However, sites with high initial soil carbon stocks can show a decline in soil carbon following afforestation (Tate el al., 2005). The IPCC notes that in many regions the absence of an enabling environment is currently a barrier to implementation of forest management mitigation activities. Figure 2 illustrates the dynamics of deforestation. However, it would reduce the amount of timber and fibre available to meet societal needs. When used to displace fossil fuels, wood fuel can be used to provide sutained carbon benefits and constitutes a large mitigation option.Other wood products can be used to displacce fossil-fuel intensive construction materials such as concrete,steel, aluminium and plastics. Red definition: Something that is red is the colour of blood or fire. On the long-term, Sohngen and Sedjo (2006) estimate that 27.2 US$/ton of CO2 could potentially eliminate deforestation. There is a definition under LULUCF which I’m sure you would agree is hopeless. While protection of forests leads to protection of the environment there are certain basic problems that remain in the evaluation of the contribution of REDD+ (IPCC, 2007).
Additionally, forest disturbances can lead to a dangerous outcome of erosion in the case of heavy rainfalls in which there are no trees to retain soil in that location.Other forest functions provide income for the local communities as the forest's services can be used and harvested in a sustainable manner. For instance, on the short term, Jung (2005) estimates that the vast majority, up to 93 %, of total mitigation potential in the tropics corresponds to avoided deforestation. Free learning resources for students covering all major areas of biology. And that's where blood doping comes in, particularly in endurance sports. In five years of discussions about REDD, the UN has failed to come up with a definition of either forests or degradation in the REDD negotiations.
However, expansion of settlements, infrastructure and unsustainable logging practices also cause deforestation (MEA, 2005). Degradation of forests is the reduction in forest biomass through the non-sustainable use or harvest of forests which can also lead to the substantial reduction in forest carbon stocks from selective logging, fire and other anthropogenic disturbances, and fuelwood collection (Asner et al., 2005). Chomitz et al., (2006) note that these causes are multiple and local.