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Dismount the cable to isolate the various elements, and help diagnose your brake problems. If any of the self-adjuster components on drum brakes stick or break, the drum brakes won’t adjust as they wear out, resulting in a low pedal.As you drive around, notice how your total brake system performs, and ask yourself these questions:Never put off brake work. A squishy or soft brake pedal means that you can press the pedal further than you should be able to or even all the way down to the floor. In a similar vein, a pinched hard brake line, or a rubber line that has started to come apart internally can cause the same problem, though localized to one or two wheels. (If your vehicle doesn’t have power brakes, it’s okay to do this check with the engine off. If your brakes fail, you (and other people) may be in serious trouble. Even when everything is working properly with your brakes, and nothing is worn out, they can suddenly start making disconcerting noises or develop a shudder under use. If you are trying to bring a project car back to life, but can't get it to roll, chances are this is the problem.A clogged fluid return hole in the master cylinder can cause all four wheels to drag, because the fluid sent to the wheels when you press the pedal can't return and let the pressure off.
If there is fluid, but it is below the full indication, that may indicate that the friction material on the pads or shoes,or the rotors or drums themselves, may be worn beyond effectiveness.If there is plenty of fluid in evidence, check if it is hot; repeated hard use, towing, descending a steep hill, or a dragging caliper can boil the fluid. Then there are minor issues such as brake squealing, brake shudder/pulsing, burning smells, leaking fluids, pulling to one side, etc.Even today, your brakes can fail completely, but there are failsafes built into the system to prevent that from happening in most cases. If there is a leak somewhere the fluid level may be so low as to make even the redundant system ineffective. Typically a seized caliper or pads will cause a burning smell, a pull to one side, and dragging at one wheel, but it is possible for it to stick without those, and effectively lessening your braking by nearly half (if it is a front wheel, which provide 75% of the braking). After that, fixing it is often easy with the help of your Haynes manual.The brakes on your car are probably the most important system, and due to the difficult job they do and how often they are used, they are also one of the most likely to wear and need service. This usually means that there is a problem with the hydraulic brake system. )With the vehicle at rest, apply steady pressure to the brake pedal.Does it feel spongy? Dismount. With power brakes, the pedal should stop 1 to 1-1⁄2 inches from the floor. The following steps tell you what to feel for.Start your engine, but keep it in Park with the parking brake on. Other kinds of automotive trouble may keep your vehicle from moving, but brake trouble keeps it from stopping. If this check shows that you have a problem, take care of the situation immediately. A common symptom of this type of braking issue is a burning smell from the amount of heat the hung up brake generates. DOT 3 brake fluid should not boil until it gets above 400 degrees Fahrenheit, but old brake fluid that has absorbed water can boil at as little as 284 degrees, which is why it needs to be changed every other year.Brake hydraulics are a sealed system, so there should not be air in the lines, but if after service you have a sponge pedal that is the most likely cause. The way to prevent these issues is to avoid driving in deep puddles, or areas where salt is used on the roads, but if that isn't an option, be sure to clean the wheels and underside of the car often in winter.Typically rusted rotors or drums only happen when a car has been sitting for a long period. There is also typically a separate, mechanical parking/emergency brake, either cable or electrically operated, that works only on the rear wheels.Before we get into the specifics of brakes and their problems, you may want to look at some of the basic rules for troubleshooting in general, as written in the beginning of every Haynes manual: Much like our earlier examination of clutch issues, there are two general failure modes for brakes: They aren't engaging well enough, or they aren't disengaging.
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